What is Good

John Boyle O'Reilly's What is Good

John Boyle O'Reilly's "What is Good" is a concise yet profound exploration of the human quest for meaning and purpose. Through a series of inquiries and responses, the poem delves into the various ideals that different voices in society champion as the ultimate "good." Ultimately, the poem suggests that the true "good" lies not in external achievements or societal dictates, but in the internal virtue of kindness. This analysis will examine the poem's structure, language, and thematic concerns, situating it within its historical context and exploring its enduring relevance.

Structure and Form

The poem's structure is deceptively simple, consisting of a series of single-line pronouncements that create a sense of dialogue or debate. This structure mirrors the speaker's internal questioning and the external voices that attempt to provide answers. The use of repetition, particularly the recurring phrase "said the," emphasizes the multiplicity of perspectives on what constitutes the "good." The final two lines, indented and separated from the preceding dialogue, provide a sense of closure and revelation, as the speaker's internal voice offers the definitive answer.

Language and Imagery

O'Reilly employs straightforward language that is accessible to readers of all levels. The diction is concrete and evocative, with each voice associated with a specific societal role or archetype: "law court," "school," "wise man," "fool," "maiden," "page," "dreamer," "sage," "soldier," and "seer." This use of archetypes lends a universal quality to the poem, suggesting that the quest for the "good" is a timeless and ubiquitous human concern. The final image of the "secret" held within the "bosom" adds a layer of intimacy and personal discovery to the poem's conclusion.

Themes and Motifs

At its core, "What is Good" is a poem about the search for meaning and purpose in life. It explores the various ideals that individuals and societies prioritize, ranging from order and knowledge to pleasure and fame. The poem implicitly critiques the limitations of these external pursuits, suggesting that they ultimately fail to satisfy the deeper longing for something more intrinsic and fulfilling. The final revelation that "kindness is the word" highlights the importance of compassion and empathy as the true foundation for a meaningful life.

Historical Context

John Boyle O'Reilly's own life experiences as an Irish rebel and political exile likely informed his understanding of the human condition and the search for meaning. His involvement in social justice causes and his advocacy for human rights resonate with the poem's emphasis on kindness and compassion. The poem's exploration of societal ideals and individual morality can also be seen as a reflection of the intellectual and social currents of the late 19th century, a period marked by both progress and upheaval.

Critical Reception and Legacy

"What is Good" has resonated with readers for generations due to its timeless message and accessible language. It has been frequently anthologized and quoted, serving as a reminder of the importance of kindness in a world often driven by self-interest and ambition. The poem's enduring popularity speaks to its ability to connect with readers on an emotional level and to inspire reflection on the true nature of "goodness."

Conclusion

John Boyle O'Reilly's "What is Good" is a deceptively simple yet profoundly insightful poem that continues to resonate with readers today. Its exploration of the human quest for meaning and its affirmation of kindness as the ultimate "good" offer a timeless message that transcends cultural and historical boundaries. Through its accessible language, evocative imagery, and universal themes, the poem invites readers to engage in their own search for meaning and to embrace the transformative power of compassion.